Basic Unix Command
January 6th, 2009
Command2 penting
- whereis : buat cari lokasi program
- which : mirip2 sama whereis
- locate : buat cari file
- man : buat cari tau command itu gunanya buat apa
- top : buat liast process list yang lagi jalan
- kill : matiin paksa process
- df : disk free
- du : disk usage
- ps auxww : buat liat process list
- tail namafile 10 : buat liat 10 baris terakhir dari log file
- setup : buat setup gampang tentang IP, service, SELinux, Firewall
- ln -s : Buat symbolic link
- Buat cari kata pada semua file di directory tertentu : grep -Rn directory
Tar
- Extract tar.gz: tar zxvf
- Extract tar.bz2: tar jxvf
- Extract .zip: unzip
- Compress tar.gz: tar zcvf
Yum
Adalah package managernya buat centOS. Bisa dipake buat install dan remove aplikasi
- Install : yum install
- Remove : yum remove
- Buat cari fastest mirror : yum -y install yum-fastestmirror
- Update semua paket yang udah di install : yum -y update
Contoh2:
yum install httpd-devel yum install mysql-server yum install php php-mbstring php-mysql php-curl php-xml php-pear [dan laen2]
Apache
/etc/httpd/conf.d/
Semua yang masuk ke dalam direktori ini bakal di jalanin pas apache di start. Jangan lupa set extensionnya dengan .conf .
PHP
Initial Setting
- Inget supaya ganti magic_gpc supaya jadi on. Defaultnya di centOS itu adalah Off
- Check session.save_path (harusnya kalo di centOS udah di set dengan bener sih)
Daemon Control
/sbin/service httpd start #Buat nyalain apache /sbin/service httpd stop #Stop apache /sbin/service httpd restart #Restart confignya
IP Tables
# Simpen dulu data configurasi nya /etc/init.d/iptables save # Buka configurasi nya vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables # Abis itu edit2 filenya di dalem situ, kalo bingung copy aja baris yang udah ada # terus di ganti port nya aja # Restart IPTables nya /etc/init.d/iptables restart
User management
#Tambah user useradd #Ganti password passwd #Hapus user userdel -r #Buat masukin user ke dalam group usermod -G vi /etc/pam.d/su #hapus comment di depan #auth required /lib/security/$ISA/pam_wheel.so use_uid echo "SU_WHEEL_ONLY yes" >> /etc/login.defs
Tambahan dari website http://www.comptechdoc.org/os/linux/commands/linux_cruserman.html
ac Print statistics about users' connect time. accton Turn on accounting of processes. To turn it on type "accton /var/log/pacct". adduser Ex: adduser mark - Effect: Adds a user to the system named mark chage Used to change the time the user's password will expire. chfn Change the user full name field finger information chgrp Changes the group ownership of files. chown Change the owner of file(s ) to another user. chpasswd Update password file in batch. chroot Run command or interactive shell with special root directory. chsh Change the login shell. edquota Used to edit user or group quotas. This program uses the vi editor to edit the quota.user and quota.group files. If the environment variable EDITOR is set to emacs, the emacs editor will be used. Type "export EDITOR=emacs" to set that variable. faillog Examine faillog and set login failure limits. finger See what users are running on a system. gpasswd Administer the /etc/group file. groupadd Create a new group. grpck Verify the integrity of group files. grpconv Creates /etc/gshadow from the file /etc/group which converts to shadow passwords. grpunconv Uses the files /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow to create /etc/passwd, then deletes /etc/shadow which converts from shadow passwords. groupdel Delete a group. groupmod Modify a group. groups Print the groups a user is in id Print real and effective user id and group ids. last Display the last users logged on and how long. lastb Shows failed login attempts. This command requires the file /var/log/btmp to exist in order to work. Type "touch /var/log/btmp" to begin logging to this file. lastcomm Display information about previous commands in reverse order. Works only if process accounting is on. lastlog Formats and prints the contents of the last login. logname Print user's login name. newgrp Lets a suer log in to a new group. newusers Update and create newusers in batch. passwd Set a user's pass word. pwck Verify integrity of password files. pwconv Convert to and from shadow passwords and groups. quota Display users' limits and current disk usage. quotaoff Turns system quotas off. quotaon Turns system quotas on. quotacheck Used to check a filesystem for usage, and update the quota.user file. repquota Lists a summary of quota information on filesystems. sa Generates a summary of information about users' processes that are stored in the /var/log/pacct file. smbclient Works similar to an ftp client enabling the user to transfer files to and from a windows based computer. smbmount Allows a shared directory on a windows machine to be mounted on the Linux machine. smbpasswd Program to change users passwords for samba. su Ex: su mark - Effect: changes the user to mark, If not root will need marks password. sulogin Single user login. ulimit A bash builtin command for setting the processes a user can run. useradd Create a new user or update default new user information. userdel Delete a user account and related files. usermod Modify a user account. users Print the user names of users currently logged in. utmpdump Used for debugging. vigr Edit the password or group files. vipw Edit the password or group files. w Display users logged in and what they are doing. wall Send a message to everybody's terminal. who Display the users logged in. whoami Print effective user id.
Ubuntu timezone set
dpkg-reconfigure tzdata
